Gums that bleed when you brush are most often a sign of gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease. Plaque along the gumline irritates the tissue and makes it swollen and fragile. Caught early, gingivitis is fully reversible with better cleaning and a professional scale and polish.
Common causes of bleeding gums
- Plaque build-up (gingivitis). The most common cause by far.
- Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled brush.
- Starting to floss. Gums often bleed for the first week or two, then settle as they get healthier.
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy, puberty or menopause, which make gums more reactive.
- Some medicines, including blood thinners.
How to stop bleeding gums at home
- Brush twice a day for two minutes with a soft brush, angling the bristles towards the gumline.
- Clean between your teeth daily with floss or interdental brushes. Keep going even if they bleed at first.
- Use a fluoride toothpaste and consider an antibacterial mouthwash.
- Cut back on sugary snacks and stop smoking if you smoke.
If bleeding has not improved after two weeks of good cleaning, book a check-up.
When bleeding gums need a dentist
See a dentist if your gums bleed often, look red or puffy, have pulled back from your teeth, or if you notice bad breath or loose teeth. These can be signs that gingivitis has progressed to periodontitis, which damages the bone supporting your teeth.
How we treat bleeding gums
At Melrose Advanced Dentistry, treatment usually starts with a professional clean to remove hardened tartar you cannot brush away. We will also show you techniques tailored to your mouth. Deeper gum disease may need root planing or referral to a periodontist.
Frequently asked questions
Is it normal for gums to bleed when flossing? It is common, especially when you start, but it is not normal for healthy gums. It usually stops within one to two weeks of daily flossing.
Can bleeding gums be serious? Untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss and is linked to wider health problems. Persistent bleeding should be checked.
Why do my gums bleed during pregnancy? Hormone changes make gums more sensitive to plaque. Keep up your cleaning and see your dentist during pregnancy.
Noticed blood in the sink? Book a gum health check at Melrose Advanced Dentistry in Melrose, Johannesburg: 072 200 1774 or advanced-dentistry.co.za.