Teeth become sensitive when the protective enamel or gum covering wears away and exposes dentine, the layer underneath. Dentine contains tiny channels that lead to the nerve, so cold, heat, sweetness or air trigger a quick, sharp pain. The good news is that sensitivity is very treatable.
What causes sensitive teeth?
- Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled brush, which wears enamel and pushes gums back.
- Receding gums, which expose the root surface. Roots have no enamel at all.
- Acidic food and drink such as fizzy drinks, citrus, wine and sports drinks, which soften enamel.
- Teeth grinding, which wears down biting surfaces.
- Tooth decay or a cracked tooth, which can feel like sensitivity at first.
- Recent dental work or whitening, which can cause temporary sensitivity for a few days.
How to treat sensitive teeth at home
- Switch to a desensitising toothpaste and use it twice a day for at least two weeks. Results build over time.
- Use a soft-bristled brush and gentle, circular strokes.
- Rinse with water after acidic food or drink, and wait 30 to 60 minutes before brushing.
- Spit after brushing but do not rinse, so the fluoride stays on your teeth.
Professional treatments for tooth sensitivity
If home care does not help, a dentist can offer:
- Fluoride varnish to strengthen enamel and block the channels in dentine.
- Bonding or sealants to cover exposed root surfaces.
- A gum graft where recession is significant.
- A night guard if grinding is the cause.
- Fillings or root canal treatment where decay or nerve damage is responsible.
When sensitivity could be something more
See a dentist if sensitivity affects one tooth only, lingers for more than a few seconds after the trigger, or comes with pain when biting. These signs can point to decay, a crack or an inflamed nerve rather than simple sensitivity.
Frequently asked questions
Why are my teeth suddenly sensitive? Sudden sensitivity can follow whitening, a new cavity, a cracked tooth or gum recession. If it lasts more than a week or two, have it checked.
Does sensitive toothpaste really work? Yes, for most people. It usually takes two to four weeks of regular use to feel the full effect.
Can sensitive teeth be fixed permanently? Often, yes, by treating the cause, such as covering exposed roots or stopping grinding.
Tired of wincing at cold drinks? Book a sensitivity check at Melrose Advanced Dentistry in Melrose, Johannesburg: 072 200 1774 or advanced-dentistry.co.za.